Figure 3. Mitochondrial function and biogenesis in adipose tissue of AdicerKO mice. Twelve-week old mice were subjected to ad libitum (AL) or dietary restriction (DR) regimens for one (A,B,D) or three (C,E,F) months. WAT was isolated and (A) ATP and (B) L-lactate levels were measured in protein-free extracts (N=3-4 per condition); (C) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (normalized by nuclear DNA) was assessed by qPCR (N=3 per condition); (D) Citrate Synthase activity was determined in protein extracts (N=4-5 per condition); and (E-F) gene expression was quantitated by RT-qPCR (N=4 per condition). Mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 for genotype effect; † P < 0.05, †† P < 0.01, ††† P < 0.001 for diet effect; ‡ P < 0.05, ‡‡ P < 0.01, ‡‡‡ P < 0.001 for diet-genotype interaction.