Figure 4. Sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) increased postoperative gut microbiota disturbance in dexmedetomidine (Dex)-treated sleep-restriction (SR) mice. (A) Heat map of differential levels of bacteria between the groups. (B) Chao 1 index. (C) Shannon index. (D) Simpson index. Data represents mean ± SEM, n = 8; #P < 0.05.