Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 19 pp 19254—19272
S-allyl cysteine reduces osteoarthritis pathology in the tert-butyl hydroperoxide-treated chondrocytes and the destabilization of the medial meniscus model mice via the Nrf2 signaling pathway
SAC ameliorates in vivo osteoarthritis progression in the DMM model mice. (A) Representative X-ray images show the knee joints of mice belonging to sham, DMM and DMM+SAC groups. The white arrows show the narrowing of the joint space in both the DMM and DMM+SAC mice, and the black arrows show the calcification of cartilage surface in the DMM group. (B) Representative images show the S-O staining of cartilage and synovitis in the knee joint sections from mice belonging to sham, DMM and DMM+SAC groups at 8-weeks post-surgery. Scale bar: 200, 50 or 100 μm. (C) The OARSI scores of cartilage damage and synovitis scores for the mice belonging to sham, DMM and DMM+SAC groups at 8-weeks post-surgery are shown. (D, F) Representative immunohistochemical staining images (Scale bar: 200 or 80 μm) and (E, G) Histogram plots show the levels of p16INK4a, BAX and Nrf2 proteins in the cartilage sections of mice belonging to the sham, DMM and DMM+SAC groups at 8-weeks post-surgery. Note: The data are presented as the means ± SD of five independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.