Construction of a protein-based prognostic signature based on the TCPA discovery cohort. (A) The distribution of risk scores in the low and high-risk groups. The risk scores for all patients in discovery cohort are plotted in ascending order and are divided by the threshold (vertical dotted line). The dots in the left (green) and right (dark red) side of the vertical dotted line belong to the low and high-risk groups, respectively. The risk scores are gradually increased from the low-risk group to high-risk group. (B) The pattern of survival time and survival status in low and high-risk groups. The dots in the left and right side of the vertical dotted line belong to the low and high-risk group, respectively. The dark red and green dots indicate death and survival, respectively. The high-risk group has a significantly higher mortality rate than the low-risk group. (C) The expression levels of the five prognostic proteins for each patient in the discovery cohort, with dark red indicating higher expression and green representing lower expression. (D) Survival analysis demonstrates that the patients in the high-risk group have statistically significant worse OS than those in low-risk group.