Research Paper Volume 10, Issue 3 pp 492—514

Figure 3. Schematic illustration of antagonistic genetic heterogeneity in the associations with two partly correlated age-related phenotypes P1 and P2. Small dots represent a sample of carriers of an effect allele A (red color) and those who do not carry this allele (no A; green color). Ellipse shows correlation of P1 and P2 in this sample (r=0.6). Red color denotes vector of correlation of P1 and P2 (thick diagonal vector) and its projections on phenotypes, i.e. P₁ (horizontal) and P₂ (vertical). Black vectors β₁ and β₂ denote the effects in the associations of allele A with P1 and P2. Sum of β₁ and β₂ represents bivariate vector (thick line) of the effects.