Research Paper Volume 11, Issue 14 pp 5258—5275
Glycation of macrophages induces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduces phagocytic efficiency
Figure 9. Expression of TNF-α after glycation. THP-1 macrophages were glycated with 1 mM MGO or treated with 10% AGE-FCS and polarized in M1 or M2 phenotype. Expression of TNF-α was quantified using qPCR (A). Data was normalized to untreated control cells. Graph shows average mean of relative mRNA expression + SD of 3 independent experiments. Protein secretion of TNF-α was quantified in the cell supernatant using cytometric bead array (B). Graph shows average mean of TNF-α concentration (in pg/mL) + SD of 3 independent experiments.