Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 17 pp 17503—17527

Figure 5. Apoptotic effects induced by DTMUV infection. (A) The absence of apoptosis analyzed by double staining with annexin V-FITC/PI, followed by flow cytometry. Representative images are shown (n=3). (B) Histogram of the percentage of apoptotic cells. The data are presented as the means ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p<0.0001, compared with the control group. (C) The heat map illustrating the dynamic regulation of apoptosis genes by DTMUV infection, including genes involved in pro-apoptosis, anti-apoptosis, or both positive and negative regulation of apoptosis. The green-to-red gradient bar represents log₂ values of fold-changes in the gene expression induced by DTMUV infection.