Research Paper Volume 15, Issue 1 pp 164—178

Figure 1. Doxorubicin increases generation of ROS and augments apoptosis in cardiac cells. H9c2 cells challenged with increasing doses of doxorubicin (Dox) for 24 h were harvested. (A) Apoptosis as detected using the TUNEL assay. (B) Mitochondrial superoxide production measured using MitoSOX staining. (C) The protein expression levels of the NADPH oxidase subunits NOX-2, p47, and p22 were detected using immunoblotting. (D) Protein levels of Bcl-xL, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 were analyzed using western blot. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Scale bar represents 100 μm. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001.