This article has been retracted. Aging (Albany NY). 2022 Sep 15; 14:7189-7189 . https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204295  PMID: 32507767
Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 11 pp 10594—10613

Coagulation factor 2 thrombin receptor promotes malignancy in glioma under SOX2 regulation

Guojun Gao1, , Ming Yang1, , Fan Wang2, , Ge Dang3, , Xiaoling Zhang3, , Jing Zhao3, , Xiangyang Wang1, , Baozhe Jin1, ,

  • 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
  • 2 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China
  • 3 Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR. China

Received: December 17, 2019       Accepted: April 17, 2020       Published: June 7, 2020      

https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103281
How to Cite

Copyright © 2020 Gao et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Glioma is the most common human primary brain cancer with high mortality and unfavorable clinical outcome. Coagulation factor 2 thrombin receptor (F2R), is a key component in the thrombosis process and has been demonstrated upregulated in various cancers. However, the effect and molecular mechanisms of F2R in glioma remains unclear. In our study, we confirmed that the expression of F2R was upregulated in glioma and predicted poor prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and function assays demonstrated that F2R overexpression promoted glioma cell proliferation, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Then, we identified and validated F2R was the target gene of SRY-box 2 (SOX2) by dual luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Besides, High expression of F2R in malignant glioma was associated with β-catenint signaling pathway activation. Our findings conclude that F2R promotes glioma cell proliferation and metastasis under SOX2 and actives WNT/β-catenin Signaling pathway, which provides novel insight to the therapeutic regimen in glioma.

Abbreviations

F2R: Coagulation factor 2 thrombin receptor; SOX2: SRY-box 2; GSEA: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; Sh-RNA: Short hairpin RNA; ChIP: Chromatin immunoprecipitation; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme; LGG: Brain Lower Grade Glioma.